Reflexio

Modal-intentional understanding of reflection

Татьяна Эдуардовна Сизикова — Sun, 20 Dec 2020 00:00:00 +0000

In modern conditions of increasing complexity and uncertainty, reflection as a necessary condition for self-organization and self-development, is given increased attention in psychological research. Within the framework of the non-classical paradigm, the activity components of reflection are investigated: methods, types, forms, means, mechanisms, processes, stages, properties that are revealed in the existence of reflection in thinking, consciousness, personality, perception and activity. We turned to the definition of the independent existence of reflection, therefore, its ontology. We have identified the modalities of reflection,developed on the basis of the principle of triangulation a triangular network of modalities of reflection, permeated with the intentionality of reflection and regulated on the basis of dynamic balance with the help of reflection itself, its modalities. Such a systemic view of the integrity of reflection corresponds to the principles of the post-nonclassical paradigm and has an applied meaning – modal – intentional analysis of reflection allows to single out not only the level of development of modalities and orientations, but also to purposefully influence development to increase the stability of the personality in situations of problematicity and uncertainty.

Keywords: reflection, modality, intentionality, triangulation principle, dynamic equilibrium, integrity, modal analysis, ontology

DOI 10.25205/2658-4506-2020-13-1-128-139

Postmodern and postmodernism: catastrophe and/or new harmony

Таисья Алексеевна Акулова — Sun, 20 Dec 2020 00:00:00 +0000

The text of the work presents an analysis of some of the world's phenomena in the era of postmodern from a psychological standpoint. A person can feel uncertainty and anxiety due to changes in the postmodern world. Along with reality, there is a virtual version of it, real objects and events are replaced by their signs, or simulacrum. There are catastrophic phenomena at different levels of human life. Art also undergoes changes, which, on the one hand, reflect the state of reality and the inner world of the person-creator, and on the other hand, they construct the present and the future, influencing the perception of the viewer. The article raises questions about what is art in current time, what are the characteristics of art perception, and how artworks can affect a person in the postmodern world.

Keywords: postmodern era, postmodern art, psychological chronotope, hyperreality, simulacrum, aesthetic paradigm

DOI 10.25205/2658-4506-2020-13-1-140-147

Suicide as an existential choice

Полина Юрьевна Горяева — Sun, 20 Dec 2020 00:00:00 +0000

This article provides an analysis of articles on the topic of suicide. The problem of suicide is important in philosophy, existential psychology, including personality psychology and clinical psychology. There is no single concept of this phenomenon and no numerous experimental bases. Often in clinical psychology, psychiatry, and medicine, suicide is viewed as a form of deviant behavior, pathology or deviation. However, there are theories and models that describe the phenomenon of suicide differently. The article also shows the reasons why a person commits suicide. Researchers find either personal or social reasons. Some studies are presented to identify the relationship between suicidal tendencies and personal or situational
factors. Most research on suicide focuses on correlates. Another way to improve knowledge and prevention is to better understand the motives behind suicide attempts.

Keywords: suicide, types of suicide, causes of suicide, suicidal behavior, models of suicide, theories of suicide

DOI 10.25205/2658-4506-2020-13-1-148-161

On determinism in relation with mathematical psychology

Николай Иванович Шишкин — Sun, 20 Dec 2020 00:00:00 +0000

it's the extended speech of N. I. Shishkin at the Moscow Psychological Society on 23 February 1891. The text is brought into line with modern spelling and punctuation.

The Russian-language version of the Constructivist Epistemological Assumptions Scale: The psychometric analysis

Александр Александрович Фёдоров — Sun, 20 Dec 2020 00:00:00 +0000

The internal structure, reliability and construct (convergent and discriminant) validity of the Russian-language version of the Constructivist Epistemological Assumptions Scale (CEAS) developed by M. Berzonsky (1994) are examined. The sample was 207 subjects. The confirmatory factor analysis revealed that this scale cannot be viewed as a unidimensional instrument. The exploratory factor analysis allowed to reveal a conceptual core of the scale associated with the relativistic aspect of constructivism. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability of CEAS are acceptable. The obtained correlations confirm convergent and discriminant validity of the scale. It is concluded that CEAS is a more promising tool for assessing epistemological beliefs than the Attitudes about Reality Scale (AARS) by R. Unger et al.

Keywords: constructivist epistemological assumptions scale, constructivism, relativism, validity, reliability

* The research was supported by the Russian Foundation of Basic Research (RFBR), the scientific project no. 18-013-00715

DOI 10.25205/2658-4506-2020-13-1-49-59

Adaptation of measurement of ambiguity tolerance (MAT-50): analysis of reliability

Екатерина Михайловна Гоптарь, Марина Владимировна Злобина — Sun, 20 Dec 2020 00:00:00 +0000

The importance of the problem of ambiguity and uncertainty nowadays is indisputable. In this regard, the role of research and diagnostics of such psychological construct as tolerance to ambiguity increases. The article presents an overview of modern methods of diagnosing tolerance and intolerance to ambiguity, as well as the results of the first stage of adaptation of the Measurement of Ambiguity Tolerance (MAT-50) (Norton, 1975) in Russian sample (n = 756). Data were obtained on the reliability of the questionnaire internal consistency (0.87). It is planned further to establish the factor structure and validity of the questionnaire.

Keywords: uncertainty, ambiguity, tolerance to ambiguity, intolerance to ambiguity, uncertainty tolerance, uncertainty intolerance, Measurement of Ambiguity Tolerance (MAT-50)

DOI 10.25205/2658-4506-2020-13-1-60-74

Craniology

Томас Худ — Sun, 20 Dec 2020 00:00:00 +0000

The translation of the satirical poem "Craniology" by the English poet Thomas Hood (1799-1845) is presented. The translation was made by A. A. Fedorov.

Ontogenesis of emotional regulation in normotypic development and dysontogenetic disorders (example of autism spectrum disorders)

Елена Алексеевна Дорошева — Sun, 20 Dec 2020 00:00:00 +0000

The analytical review is devoted to the study of factors affecting the formation of the system of emotions regulation in ontogenetic development. A comparison of the formation of an emotion regulation systemfor normotypic and deviating development (on the example of autism spectrum disorders) was made. The interaction of the main innate factors (level of sensory processing sensitivity and effortful control) with factors of the communicative environment (type of attachment to parents, verbalization of emotions and a model of mind) in the development of adaptive emotional regulation and dysregulation is shown.

Keywords: emotional regulation, emotional dysregulation, normotypic development, autism spectrum disorders, sensory processing sensitivity, effortful control, attachment, emotion verbalization, model of mind

* The research was supported by the Russian Foundation of Basic Research (RFBR), the scientific project no. 18-013-00925

DOI 10.25205/2658-4506-2020-13-1-105-127

“Open society” versus “complete truth”

Роман Валентинович Шамолин — Sun, 20 Dec 2020 00:00:00 +0000

The consciousness of people who consider themselves civilized is still focused on some values, which are considered universal and evolutionarily necessary by default. These are the values of the “Open Society”, once expressed by the neo-positivist philosopher Karl Popper. Our article contains a short excursion into the history of their establishment, but it leads to the idea that we are witnessing their self-denial at the current moment. The history has not ended and we are faced with the question – what to do: press the panic button or open the champagne?

Keywords: open society, complete truth, values, end of history

DOI 10.25205/2658-4506-2020-13-1-86-91

Neurodiversity as a paradigm and as a counterculture

Николай Сергеевич Первушин — Sun, 20 Dec 2020 00:00:00 +0000

The ideas of neurodiversity are more and more popular today and could be considered at different levels of analysis. At first, neurodiversity is the original idea that the characteristics of an individual`s brain structure affect the features of his way of thinking and behavior.

Secondly, it is the neurodiversity paradigm. Its proponents believe that many psychiatric diagnoses are socially constructed. The neurodifferent brain is considered not as a pathology, but as a feature that causes problems only because of the cruelty and inappropriateness of the world of neurotypical. The paradigm is especially widely used by individuals with ASD. Researchers note logical contradictions in the paradigm. It is a socio-cultural construct which is demanded by modern society and mass culture. Different movements against oppression are spreading to ever wider contexts. The media image of individuals with ASD is associated with the demand for traits of individualism, specificity, distinction and non-systemic in modern society. Consequently, the media create a romanticized image of the autistic, which leads to the popularity of the paradigm of neurodiversity.

Finally, active supporters of the neurodiversity paradigm are representatives of a specific culture that has a special language, symbols, identity, values, communicative preferences, etc. Analyzing features and manifestations of this community, author comes to the conclusion that the culture of neurodiversity is opposed to the dominant one. There is a paradox: the paradigm of neurodiversity is in line with trends of modernity, while the neurodiversity culture acts as a counterculture.

Keywords: autism, neurodiversity, neurotypicality, autistic culture, antipsychiatry, counterculture, individualization, identity, ableism, postmodernism

* The research was supported by the Russian Foundation of Basic Research (RFBR), the scientific project no. 18-013-00925

DOI 10.25205/2658-4506-2020-13-1-92-104

The experience of the COVID-19 pandemic and tolerance to uncertainty

Sun, 20 Dec 2020 00:00:00 +0000

The article presents the results of the study of the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of tolerance of uncertainty. Respondents (N = 2,837) answered a series of questions regarding how they are dealing with the COVID-19 situation, and MSTAT-II questionnaire. It was found that the emotional background is dominated by such emotions as fear, irritation, anxiety and sadness. Tolerance of uncertainty turned out to be negatively associated with all negative emotions, which allows us to consider it as a resource that reduces negative experience in the current situation. Data was also obtained regarding the relationship between the characteristics of the COVID-19 pandemic experience with the age and gender of the respondents.

Keywords: COVID-19, coronavirus, tolerance of uncertainty, experience, emotion

DOI 10.25205/2658-4506-2020-13-1-5-20

Study of tolerance to uncertainty in students

Ирина Викторовна Лазюк — Sun, 20 Dec 2020 00:00:00 +0000

Tolerance to uncertainty is becoming an increasingly popular subject for study in a wide variety of fields. Numerous studies are devoted to the problem of the influence of uncertainty tolerance on the learning process. This problem is no longer new to foreign psychology, but it retains its relevance at the present time. An analysis of modern domestic and foreign studies of uncertainty tolerance showed that there are conflicting data on the level of uncertainty tolerance among students at the university. The article presents the results of a study of uncertainty tolerance among students using the most common methods for studying this construct.

Keywords: intolerance to uncertainty, interpersonal intolerance to uncertainty, university studies

DOI 10.25205/2658-4506-2020-13-1-21-31

Family status and emotional burnout of parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)

Sun, 20 Dec 2020 00:00:00 +0000

The article analyzes the family system as an important factor and resource of development in the organization of assistance to a child with ASD. The results of an empirical study of parental burnout and family situation experience in relation to the nature of family communication in mothers and fathers of children with ASD are presented. In a sample of 47 parents aged from 27 to 54 years (20 fathers and 27 mothers; the average age of fathers is 39.5 + 6.1, the average age of mothers is 37.7 + 6.2), raising children with ASD, the material was collected using the author's questionnaire, the questionnaire “Parental burnout”, the method “Typical family status” and the projective method “Family sociogram”. The results of the study showed a higher level of emotional exhaustion in the group of mothers. Symbiotic, close intersecting relationships in the studied families, which serve as some support and support in the current situation, are accompanied by a decrease in the parents’ indicators of neuropsychic stress, while distancing in family relations, on the contrary, is accompanied by an increase in neuropsychic stress. It is also revealed that the preservation of marital relations is accompanied by the acceptance of oneself as a parent who adequately fulfills their parental functions.

Keywords: autism spectrum disorders, parental burnout, experiencing a family situation, emotional exhaustion, communication in the family, symbiotic relationships, distancing

* The research was supported by the Russian Foundation of Basic Research (RFBR), the scientific project no. 18-013-00925

DOI 10.25205/2658-4506-2020-13-1-32-48

Conference “New challenges of uncertainty”

Редакционная статья — Sun, 20 Dec 2020 00:00:00 +0000

Information on the online Conference “New challenges of uncertainty” that was hosted by V. Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology of Novosibirsk State University on September 17th to 18th, 2020.